lithium\net\http\Router

class

The two primary responsibilities of the Router are to determine the correct set of parameters for incoming request (parsing) and second to generate URLs from parameters (matching). These two operations can be handled in a reciprocally consistent way.

To begin using the router, routes must be defined first. A route maps an URL (template) to a set of paremeters and vice versa. The following example maps the '/login' URL to SessionController::add().

Router::connect('/login', ['controller' => 'Sessions', 'action' => 'add']);

The Router plays an important role in the dispatching process. It allows the Dispatcher to invoke the correct controller action for a requested URL. During this process the Router will parse the URL and respond with a set of dispatch parameters.

Router::parse('/login'); // returns ['controller' => 'Sessions', 'action' => 'add']

Another important thing the Router is quite often used for, is the so called reverse routing. During this process the Router will match a set of parameters and return a URL. In contrast to normal, manually created URLs (i.e. http://li3.me/support) These URLs are called routed URLs as they have been generated through the Router.

Router::match(('controller' => 'Sessions', 'action' => 'add')); // returns `'/login'`

Framework components that work with URLs (and utilize routing), also support reverse routing and accept route parameters.

$this->html->link([...]);

But why use reverse routing and parameters instead of URL string at all? Well, as the whole application URL structure is defined in one place (the routes defintion file) it is quite easy to change the URL structure without touching i.e. the templates.

Source

class Router extends \lithium\core\StaticObjectDeprecated {

	/**
	 * Contain the configuration of scopes.
	 *
	 * @var array of scopes
	 */
	protected static $_scopes = null;

	/**
	 * Stores the name of the scope to use for building urls.
	 * If is set to `true`, the scope of the user's request will be used.
	 * saved
	 *
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::scope()
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected static $_scope = false;

	/**
	 * An array of loaded `Route` objects used to match Request objects against.
	 *
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Route
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected static $_configurations = [];

	/**
	 * Array of closures used to format route parameters when parsing URLs.
	 *
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::modifiers()
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected static $_modifiers = [];

	/**
	 * An array of named closures matching up to corresponding route parameter values. Used to
	 * format those values.
	 *
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::formatters()
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected static $_formatters = [];

	/**
	 * Classes used by `Router`.
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected static $_classes = [
		'route'         => 'lithium\net\http\Route',
		'configuration' => 'lithium\core\Configuration'
	];

	/**
	 * Flag for generating Unicode-capable routes. Turn this off if you don't need it, or if you're
	 * using a broken OS distribution (i.e. CentOS).
	 */
	protected static $_unicode = true;

	/**
	 * Modify `Router` configuration settings and dependencies.
	 *
	 * @param array $config Optional array to override configuration. Acceptable keys are
	 *        `'classes'` and `'unicode'`.
	 * @return array Returns the current configuration settings.
	 */
	public static function config($config = []) {
		if (!$config) {
			return ['classes' => static::$_classes, 'unicode' => static::$_unicode];
		}
		if (isset($config['classes'])) {
			static::$_classes = $config['classes'] + static::$_classes;
		}
		if (isset($config['unicode'])) {
			static::$_unicode = $config['unicode'];
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Connects a new route and returns the current routes array. This method creates a new
	 * `Route` object and registers it with the `Router`. The order in which routes are connected
	 * matters, since the order of precedence is taken into account in parsing and matching
	 * operations.
	 *
	 * A callable can be passed in place of `$options`. In this case the callable acts as a *route
	 * handler*. Route handlers should return an instance of `lithium\net\http\Response`
	 * and can be used to short-circuit the framework's lookup and invocation of controller
	 * actions:
	 * ```
	 * Router::connect('/photos/{:id:[0-9]+}.jpg', [], function($request) {
	 *     return new Response([
	 *         'headers' => ['Content-type' => 'image/jpeg'],
	 *         'body' => Photos::first($request->id)->bytes()
	 *     ]);
	 * });
	 * ```
	 *
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Route
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Route::$_handler
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::parse()
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::match()
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::_parseString()
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Response
	 * @param string|object $template An empty string, a route string `/` or an
	 *                      instance of `lithium\net\http\Route`.
	 * @param array|string $params An array describing the default or required elements of
	 *                     the route or alternatively a path string i.e. `Posts::index`.
	 * @param array|callable $options Either an array of options (`'handler'`, `'formatters'`,
	 *                      `'modifiers'`, `'unicode'` as well as any options for `Route`) or
	 *                      a callable that will be used as a route handler.
	 * @return \lithium\net\http\Route Instance of the connected route.
	 */
	public static function connect($template, $params = [], $options = []) {
		if (is_array($options) && isset($options['scope'])) {
			$name = $options['scope'];
		} else {
			$name = static::$_scope;
		}
		if (is_object($template)) {
			return (static::$_configurations[$name][] = $template);
		}
		if (is_string($params)) {
			$params = static::_parseString($params, false);
		}
		if (isset($params[0]) && is_array($tmp = static::_parseString($params[0], false))) {
			unset($params[0]);
			$params = $tmp + $params;
		}
		$params = static::_parseController($params);
		if (is_callable($options)) {
			$options = ['handler' => $options];
		}
		$config = compact('template', 'params') + $options + [
			'formatters' => static::formatters(),
			'modifiers' => static::modifiers(),
			'unicode' => static::$_unicode
		];
		return static::$_configurations[$name][] = Libraries::instance(
			null, 'route', $config, static::$_classes
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Wrapper method which takes a `Request` object, parses it through all attached `Route`
	 * objects, assigns the resulting parameters to the `Request` object, and returns it.
	 *
	 * @param \lithium\action\Request $request
	 * @return \lithium\action\Request Returns a copy of the request with parameters applied.
	 */
	public static function process($request) {
		if (!$result = static::parse($request)) {
			return $request;
		}
		return $result;
	}

	/**
	 * Used to get or set an array of named formatter closures, which are used to format route
	 * parameters when parsing URLs. For example, the following would match a `posts/index` url
	 * to a `PostsController::indexAction()` method.
	 *
	 * ```
	 * use lithium\util\Inflector;
	 *
	 * Router::modifiers([
	 *     'controller' => function($value) {
	 *         return Inflector::camelize($value);
	 *     },
	 *     'action' => function($value) {
	 *         return Inflector::camelize($value) . 'Action';
	 *     }
	 * ]);
	 * ```
	 *
	 * _Note_: Because modifiers are copied to `Route` objects on an individual basis, make sure
	 * you append your custom modifiers _before_ connecting new routes.
	 *
	 * @param array $modifiers An array of named formatter closures to append to (or overwrite) the
	 *        existing list.
	 * @return array Returns the formatters array.
	 */
	public static function modifiers(array $modifiers = []) {
		if (!static::$_modifiers) {
			static::$_modifiers = [
				'args' => function($value) {
					return explode('/', $value);
				},
				'controller' => function($value) {
					return Inflector::camelize($value);
				}
			];
		}
		if ($modifiers) {
			static::$_modifiers = array_filter($modifiers + static::$_modifiers);
		}
		return static::$_modifiers;
	}

	/**
	 * Used to get or set an array of named formatter closures, which are used to format route
	 * parameters when generating URLs. For example, for controller/action parameters to be dashed
	 * instead of underscored or camelBacked, you could do the following:
	 *
	 * ```
	 * use lithium\util\Inflector;
	 *
	 * Router::formatters([
	 *     'controller' => function($value) { return Inflector::slug($value); },
	 *     'action' => function($value) { return Inflector::slug($value); }
	 * ]);
	 * ```
	 *
	 * _Note_: Because formatters are copied to `Route` objects on an individual basis, make sure
	 * you append custom formatters _before_ connecting new routes.
	 *
	 * @param array $formatters An array of named formatter closures to append to (or overwrite) the
	 *        existing list.
	 * @return array Returns the formatters array.
	 */
	public static function formatters(array $formatters = []) {
		if (!static::$_formatters) {
			static::$_formatters = [
				'args' => function($value) {
					return is_array($value) ? join('/', $value) : $value;
				},
				'controller' => function($value) {
					if (strpos($value, '\\')) {
						$value = explode('\\', $value);
						$value = end($value);
					}
					return Inflector::underscore($value);
				}
			];
		}
		if ($formatters) {
			static::$_formatters = array_filter($formatters + static::$_formatters);
		}
		return static::$_formatters;
	}

	/**
	 * Accepts an instance of `lithium\action\Request` (or a subclass) and matches it against each
	 * route, in the order that the routes are connected.
	 *
	 * If a route match the request, `lithium\net\http\Router::_scope` will be updated according
	 * the scope membership of the route
	 *
	 * @see lithium\action\Request
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::connect()
	 * @param object $request A request object containing URL and environment data.
	 * @return array Returns an array of parameters specifying how the given request should be
	 *         routed. The keys returned depend on the `Route` object that was matched, but
	 *         typically include `'controller'` and `'action'` keys.
	 */
	public static function parse($request) {
		foreach (static::$_configurations as $name => $value) {
			$original = $request->params;
			$name = is_int($name) ? false : $name;

			if (!$url = static::_parseScope($name, $request)) {
				continue;
			}

			foreach (static::$_configurations[$name] as $route) {
				if (!$match = $route->parse($request, compact('url'))) {
					continue;
				}
				$request = $match;
				if ($route->canContinue() && isset($request->params['args'])) {
					$url = '/' . join('/', $request->params['args']);
					unset($request->params['args']);
					continue;
				}

				static::attach($name, null, isset($request->params) ? $request->params : []);
				static::scope($name);

				return $request;
			}
			$request->params = $original;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Attempts to match an array of route parameters (i.e. `'controller'`, `'action'`, etc.)
	 * against a connected `Route` object. For example, given the following route:
	 *
	 * ```
	 * Router::connect('/login', ['controller' => 'users', 'action' => 'login']);
	 * ```
	 *
	 * This will match:
	 * ```
	 * $url = Router::match(['controller' => 'users', 'action' => 'login']);
	 * // returns /login
	 * ```
	 *
	 * For URLs templates with no insert parameters (i.e. elements like `{:id}` that are replaced
	 * with a value), all parameters must match exactly as they appear in the route parameters.
	 *
	 * Alternatively to using a full array, you can specify routes using a more compact syntax. The
	 * above example can be written as:
	 * ```
	 * $url = Router::match('Users::login'); // still returns /login
	 * ```
	 *
	 * You can combine this with more complicated routes; for example:
	 * ```
	 * Router::connect('/posts/{:id:\d+}', ['controller' => 'posts', 'action' => 'view']);
	 * ```
	 *
	 * This will match:
	 * ```
	 * $url = Router::match(['controller' => 'posts', 'action' => 'view', 'id' => '1138']);
	 * // returns /posts/1138
	 * ```
	 *
	 * Again, you can specify the same URL with a more compact syntax, as in the following:
	 * ```
	 * $url = Router::match(['Posts::view', 'id' => '1138']);
	 * // again, returns /posts/1138
	 * ```
	 *
	 * You can use either syntax anywhere an URL is accepted, i.e. when redirecting
	 * or creating links using the `Html` helper.
	 *
	 * @see lithium\action\Controller::redirect()
	 * @see lithium\template\helper\Html::link()
	 * @param array|string $url An array of parameters to match, or paremeters in their
	 *        shorthand form (i.e. `'Posts::view'`). Also takes non-routed, manually generated
	 *        URL strings.
	 * @param \lithium\action\Request $context This supplies the context for
	 *        any persistent parameters, as well as the base URL for the application.
	 * @param array $options Options for the generation of the matched URL. Currently accepted
	 *        values are:
	 *        - `'absolute'` _boolean_: Indicates whether or not the returned URL should be an
	 *          absolute path (i.e. including scheme and host name).
	 *        - `'host'` _string_: If `'absolute'` is `true`, sets the host name to be used,
	 *          or overrides the one provided in `$context`.
	 *        - `'scheme'` _string_: If `'absolute'` is `true`, sets the URL scheme to be
	 *          used, or overrides the one provided in `$context`.
	 *        - `'scope'` _string_: Optionnal scope name.
	 * @return string Returns a generated URL, based on the URL template of the matched route, and
	 *         prefixed with the base URL of the application.
	 */
	public static function match($url = [], $context = null, array $options = []) {
		$options = static::_matchOptions($url, $context, $options);

		if (is_string($url = static::_prepareParams($url, $context, $options))) {
			return $url;
		}

		$base = $options['base'];
		$url += ['action' => 'index'];
		$stack = [];

		$suffix = isset($url['#']) ? "#{$url['#']}" : null;
		unset($url['#']);

		$scope = $options['scope'];
		if (isset(static::$_configurations[$scope])) {
			foreach (static::$_configurations[$scope] as $route) {
				if (!$match = $route->match($url + ['scope' => static::attached($scope)], $context)) {
					continue;
				}
				if ($route->canContinue()) {
					$stack[] = $match;
					$export = $route->export();
					$keys = $export['match'] + $export['keys'] + $export['defaults'];
					unset($keys['args']);
					$url = array_diff_key($url, $keys);
					continue;
				}
				if ($stack) {
					$stack[] = $match;
					$match = static::_compileStack($stack);
				}
				$path = rtrim("{$base}{$match}{$suffix}", '/') ?: '/';
				$path = ($options) ? static::_prefix($path, $context, $options) : $path;
				return $path ?: '/';
			}
		}
		$url = static::_formatError($url);
		$message = "No parameter match found for URL `{$url}`";
		$message .= $scope ? " in `{$scope}` scope." : '.';
		throw new RoutingException($message);
	}

	/**
	 * Initialize options for `Router::match()`.
	 *
	 * @param string|array $url Options to match to a URL. Optionally, this can be a string
	 *        containing a manually generated URL.
	 * @param \lithium\action\Request $context
	 * @param array $options Options for the generation of the matched URL.
	 * @return array The initialized options.
	 */
	protected static function _matchOptions(&$url, $context, $options) {
		$defaults = [
			'scheme' => null,
			'host' => null,
			'absolute' => false,
			'base' => ''
		];
		if ($context) {
			$defaults = [
				'base' => $context->env('base'),
				'host' => $context->host,
				'scheme' => $context->scheme . ($context->scheme ? '://' : '//')
			] + $defaults;
		}

		$options += ['scope' => static::scope()];
		$vars = [];
		$scope = $options['scope'];
		if (is_array($scope)) {
			$tmp = key($scope);
			$vars = current($scope);

			if (!is_array($vars)) {
				$vars = $scope;
				$scope = static::scope();
			} else {
				$scope = $tmp;
			}
		}
		if ($config = static::attached($scope, $vars)) {
			if (is_array($url) && $config['library'] !== false) {
				unset($url['library']);
			}
			$config['host'] = $config['host'] ? : $defaults['host'];
			if ($config['scheme'] === false) {
				$config['scheme'] = '//';
			} else {
				$config['scheme'] .= ($config['scheme'] ? '://' : $defaults['scheme']);
			}
			$config['scheme'] = $config['scheme'] ? : 'http://';

			$base = isset($config['base']) ? '/' . $config['base'] : $defaults['base'];
			$base = $base . ($config['prefix'] ? '/' . $config['prefix'] : '');
			$config['base'] = rtrim($config['absolute'] ? '/' . trim($base, '/') : $base, '/');
			$defaults = $config + $defaults;
		}
		return $options + $defaults;
	}

	protected static function _compileStack($stack) {
		$result = null;
		list($result, $query) = array_pad(explode('?', array_pop($stack), 2), 2, null);
		foreach (array_reverse($stack) as $fragment) {
			$result = ltrim($result, '/');
			$result = str_replace(($result ? '' : '/') . '{:args}', $result, $fragment);
		}
		return $result . ($query ? '?' . $query : '');
	}

	protected static function _formatError($url) {
		$match = ["\n", 'array (', ',)', '=> NULL', '(  \'', ',  '];
		$replace = ['', '(', ')', '=> null', '(\'', ', '];
		return str_replace($match, $replace, var_export($url, true));
	}

	protected static function _parseController(array $params) {
		if (!isset($params['controller'])) {
			return $params;
		}
		if (strpos($params['controller'], '.')) {
			$separated = explode('.', $params['controller'], 2);
			list($params['library'], $params['controller']) = $separated;
		}
		if (strpos($params['controller'], '\\') === false) {
			$params['controller'] = Inflector::camelize($params['controller']);
		}
		return $params;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares URL parameters for matching. Detects and Passes through un-routed URL strings,
	 * leaving them untouched.
	 *
	 * Will not attempt to parse strings as shorthand parameters but instead interpret
	 * them as normal, non-routed URLs when they are prefixed with a known scheme.
	 *
	 * @param array|string $url An array of parameters, shorthand parameter string or URL string.
	 * @param \lithium\action\Request $context
	 * @param array $options
	 * @return array|string Depending on the type of $url either a string or an array.
	 */
	protected static function _prepareParams($url, $context, array $options) {
		if (is_string($url)) {
			if (strpos($url, '://') !== false) {
				return $url;
			}
			if (preg_match('%^((#|//)|(mailto|tel|sms|javascript):)%', $url)) {
				return $url;
			}
			if (is_string($url = static::_parseString($url, $context, $options))) {
				return static::_prefix($url, $context, $options);
			}
		}
		$isArray = (
			isset($url[0]) &&
			is_array($params = static::_parseString($url[0], $context, $options))
		);
		if ($isArray) {
			unset($url[0]);
			$url = $params + $url;
		}
		return static::_persist(static::_parseController($url), $context);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the prefix (scheme + hostname) for a URL based on the passed `$options` and the
	 * `$context`.
	 *
	 * @param string $path The URL to be prefixed.
	 * @param object $context The request context.
	 * @param array $options Options for generating the proper prefix. Currently accepted values
	 *              are: `'absolute' => true|false`, `'host' => string` and `'scheme' => string`.
	 * @return string The prefixed URL, depending on the passed options.
	 */
	protected static function _prefix($path, $context = null, array $options = []) {
		$defaults = ['scheme' => null, 'host' => null, 'absolute' => false];
		$options += $defaults;
		return ($options['absolute']) ? "{$options['scheme']}{$options['host']}{$path}" : $path;
	}

	/**
	 * Copies persistent parameters (parameters in the request which have been designated to
	 * persist) to the current URL, unless the parameter has been explicitly disabled from
	 * persisting by setting the value in the URL to `null`, or by assigning some other value.
	 *
	 * For example:
	 * ```
	 * Router::connect('/{:controller}/{:action}/{:id:[0-9]+}', array(), array(
	 * 	'persist' => array('controller', 'id')
	 * ));
	 *
	 * // URLs generated with $request will now have the 'controller' and 'id'
	 * // parameters copied to new URLs.
	 * $request = Router::process(new Request(array('url' => 'posts/view/1138')));
	 *
	 * $params = array('action' => 'edit');
	 * $url = Router::match($params, $request); // Returns: '/posts/edit/1138'
	 * ```
	 *
	 * @see lithium\action\Request::$persist
	 * @param array $url The parameters that define the URL to be matched.
	 * @param \lithium\action\Request $context A request object, which contains a
	 *        `$persist` property, which is an array of keys to be persisted in URLs between
	 *        requests.
	 * @return array Returns the modified URL array.
	 */
	protected static function _persist($url, $context) {
		if (!$context || !isset($context->persist)) {
			return $url;
		}
		foreach ($context->persist as $key) {
			$url += [$key => $context->params[$key]];

			if ($url[$key] === null) {
				unset($url[$key]);
			}
		}
		return $url;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns one or multiple connected routes.
	 *
	 * A specific route can be retrived by providing its index. All connected routes inside all
	 * scopes may be retrieved by providing `null` instead of the route index. To retrieve all
	 * routes for the current scope only, pass `true` for the `$scope` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param integer $route Index of the route.
	 * @param string|boolean $scope Name of the scope to get routes from. Uses default
	 *        scope if `true`.
	 * @return object|array|null If $route is an integer, returns the route object at given index or
	 *         if that fails returns `null`. If $route is `null` returns an array of routes or
	 *         scopes with their respective routes depending on the value of $scope.
	 */
	public static function get($route = null, $scope = null) {
		if ($route === null && $scope === null) {
			return static::$_configurations;
		}

		if ($scope === true) {
			$scope = static::$_scope;
		}

		if ($route === null && $scope !== null) {
			if (isset(static::$_configurations[$scope])) {
				return static::$_configurations[$scope];
			}
			return [];
		}

		if (!isset(static::$_configurations[$scope][$route])) {
			return null;
		}
		return static::$_configurations[$scope][$route];
	}

	/**
	 * Resets the `Router` to its default state, unloading all routes.
	 */
	public static function reset() {
		static::$_configurations = [];
		static::$_scope = false;
		if (isset(static::$_scopes)) {
			static::$_scopes->reset();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Helper function for taking a path string and parsing it into a controller and action array.
	 *
	 * @param string $path Path string to parse i.e. `li3_bot.Logs::index` or `Posts::index`.
	 * @param boolean $context
	 * @return array
	 */
	protected static function _parseString($path, $context, array $options = []) {
		if (!preg_match('/^[A-Za-z0-9._\\\\]+::[A-Za-z0-9_]+$/', $path)) {
			$base = rtrim($options['base'], '/');
			if ((!$path || $path[0] != '/') && $context && isset($context->controller)) {
				$formatters = static::formatters();
				$base .= '/' . $formatters['controller']($context->controller);
			}
			$path = trim($path, '/');
			return "{$base}/{$path}";
		}
		list($controller, $action) = explode('::', $path, 2);
		return compact('controller', 'action');
	}

	/**
	 * Sets or gets default/previous named scope.
	 *
	 * Please note: scopes are not compatible with the "library" based route syntax. This
	 * mean you can't mix them, you need to choose either the old way (i.e the "library"
	 * based route syntax), or the the scope syntax to build your routes.
	 *
	 * If you move completely to scopes, you don't need to deal with `{:library}` anymore,
	 * the scoping feature will do the job for you.
	 *
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::attach()
	 * @param string|null $name Name of the scope to use or `null` when you want to get
	 *        the default scope.
	 * @param \Closure $closure A closure to execute inside the scope.
	 * @return mixed If `$name` is `null` returns the default used scope, otherwise
	 *         returns the previous named scope. Once `$closure` is used, returns `null`.
	 */
	public static function scope($name = null, \Closure $closure = null) {
		if ($name === null) {
			return static::$_scope;
		}

		if ($closure === null) {
			$former = static::$_scope;
			static::$_scope = $name;
			return $former;
		}

		$former = static::$_scope;
		static::$_scope = $name;
		call_user_func($closure);
		static::$_scope = $former;
	}

	/**
	 * Defines a scope and attaches it to a mount point.
	 *
	 * Example 1:
	 * ```
	 * Router::attach('app', [
	 *     'absolute' => true,
	 *     'host' => 'localhost',
	 *     'scheme' => 'http://',
	 *     'prefix' => 'web/tests'
	 * ]);
	 * ```
	 *
	 * Example 2:
	 * ```
	 * Router::attach('app', [
	 *     'absolute' => true,
	 *     'host' => '{:subdomain:[a-z]+}.{:hostname}.{:tld}',
	 *     'scheme' => '{:scheme:https://}',
	 *     'prefix' => ''
	 * ]);
	 * ```
	 *
	 * Attach the variables to populate for the app scope.
	 * ```
	 * Router::attach('app', null, [
	 *     'subdomain' => 'www',
	 *     'hostname' => 'li3',
	 *     'tld' => 'me'
	 * ]);
	 * ```
	 *
	 * When using scoped routes, just the scope must be given to match a route. The library
	 * is already derived from the scope for you. This way you can keep route definitions short
	 * and sweet while still using scopes.
	 *
	 * By default the library is directly derived from the scope name. So that all routes
	 * attached to an `'app'` scope are attached to a library of the same name (i.e. the `'app'`
	 * library in this case).
	 *
	 * This behavior can be overridden like so:
	 * ```
	 * Router::attach('app', ['library' => 'foo']);
	 * ```
	 *
	 * Or disable it and continue to use scope and library name in route definitions:
	 * ```
	 * Router::attach('app', ['library' => false]);
	 * ```
	 *
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::scope()
	 * @see lithium\net\http\Router::attached()
	 * @param string Name of the scope.
	 * @param mixed Settings of the mount point or `null` for setting only variables to populate.
	 * @param array Variables to populate for the scope.
	 */
	public static function attach($name, $config = null, array $vars = []) {
		if ($name === false) {
			return null;
		}

		if (!isset(static::$_scopes)) {
			static::_initScopes();
		}

		if ($config === null) {
			if ($vars && ($config = static::$_scopes->get($name))) {
				$config['values'] = $vars;
				static::$_scopes->set($name, $config);
			}
			return;
		}

		if (is_array($config) || $config === false) {
			static::$_scopes->set($name, $config);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns an attached mount point configuration.
	 *
	 * ```
	 * Router::attach('app', [
	 *     'absolute' => true,
	 *     'host' => '{:subdomain:[a-z]+}.{:hostname}.{:tld}',
	 *     'scheme' => '{:scheme:https://}',
	 *     'prefix' => ''
	 * ]);
	 *
	 * $result = Router::attached('app', [
	 *     'subdomain' => 'app',
	 *     'hostname' => 'blog',
	 *     'tld' => 'co.uk'
	 * ]);
	 *
	 * // $result is:
	 * // [
	 * //     'absolute' => true,
	 * //     'host' => 'blog.mysite.co.uk',
	 * //     'scheme' => 'http://',
	 * //     'prefix' => ''
	 * // ];
	 * ```
	 *
	 * @param string Name of the scope.
	 * @param array Optionnal variables which override the default setted variables with
	 *        `lithium\net\http\Router::attach()`for population step.
	 * @return mixed The settings array of the scope or an array of settings array
	 *         if `$name === null`.
	 */
	public static function attached($name = null, array $vars = []) {
		if ($name === false) {
			return null;
		}

		if (!isset(static::$_scopes)) {
			static::_initScopes();
		}

		if ($name === null) {
			return static::$_scopes->get();
		} elseif (!$config = static::$_scopes->get($name)) {
			static::$_scopes->set($name, []);
			$config = static::$_scopes->get($name);
		}
		$vars += $config['values'];
		$match = '@\{:([^:}]+):?((?:[^{]+(?:\{[0-9,]+\})?)*?)\}@S';
		$fields = ['scheme', 'host'];
		foreach ($fields as $field) {
			if (preg_match_all($match, $config[$field], $m)) {
				$tokens = $m[0];
				$names = $m[1];
				$regexs = $m[2];
				foreach ($names as $i => $name) {
					if (isset($vars[$name])) {
						if (($regex = $regexs[$i]) && !preg_match("@^{$regex}\$@", $vars[$name])) {
							continue;
						}
						$config[$field] = str_replace($tokens[$i], $vars[$name], $config[$field]);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return $config;
	}

	/**
	 * Initialize `static::$_scopes` with a `lithium\core\Configuration` instance.
	 */
	protected static function _initScopes() {
		static::$_scopes = Libraries::instance(null, 'configuration', [], static::$_classes);
		static::$_scopes->initConfig = function($name, $config) {
			$defaults = [
				'absolute' => false,
				'host' => null,
				'scheme' => null,
				'base' => null,
				'prefix' => '',
				'pattern' => '',
				'values' => [],
				'library' => $name
			];

			$config += $defaults;

			if (!$config['pattern']) {
				$config = static::_compileScope($config);
			}
			$config['base'] = $config['base'] ? trim($config['base'], '/') : $config['base'];
			return $config;
		};
	}

	/**
	 * Compiles the scope into regular expression patterns for matching against request URLs
	 *
	 * @param array $config Array of settings.
	 * @return array Returns the complied settings.
	 */
	protected static function _compileScope(array $config) {
		$defaults = [
			'absolute' => false,
			'host' => null,
			'scheme' => null,
			'base' => null,
			'prefix' => '',
			'pattern' => '',
			'params' => []
		];

		$config += $defaults;

		$config['prefix'] = trim($config['prefix'], '/');
		$prefix = '/' . ($config['prefix'] ? $config['prefix'] . '/' : '');

		if (!$config['absolute']) {
			$config['pattern'] = "@^{$prefix}@";
		} else {
			$fields = ['scheme', 'host'];
			foreach ($fields as $field) {
				$dots = '/(?!\{[^\}]*)\.(?![^\{]*\})/';
				$pattern[$field] = preg_replace($dots, '\.', $config[$field]);
				$match = '@\{:([^:}]+):?((?:[^{]+(?:\{[0-9,]+\})?)*?)\}@S';
				if (preg_match_all($match, $pattern[$field], $m)) {
					$tokens = $m[0];
					$names = $m[1];
					$regexs = $m[2];
					foreach ($names as $i => $name) {
						$regex = $regexs[$i] ? : '[^/]+?';
						$pattern[$field] = str_replace(
							$tokens[$i],
							"(?P<{$name}>{$regex})",
							$pattern[$field]
						);
						$config['params'][] = $name;
					}
				}
			}
			$pattern['host'] = $pattern['host'] ? : 'localhost';
			$pattern['scheme'] = $pattern['scheme'] . ($pattern['scheme'] ? '://' : '(.*?)//');
			$config['pattern'] = "@^{$pattern['scheme']}{$pattern['host']}{$prefix}@";
		}
		return $config;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the unscoped url to route.
	 *
	 * @param string $name Scope name.
	 * @param string $request A `lithium\action\Request` instance .
	 * @return mixed The url to route, or `false` if the request doesn't match the scope.
	 */
	protected static function _parseScope($name, $request) {
		$url = trim($request->url, '/');
		$url = $url ? '/' . $url . '/' : '/';

		if (!$config = static::attached($name)) {
			return $url;
		}

		$scheme = $request->scheme . ($request->scheme ? '://' : '//');
		$host = $request->host;

		if ($config['absolute']) {
			preg_match($config['pattern'], $scheme . $host . $url, $match);
		} else {
			preg_match($config['pattern'], $url, $match);
		}

		if ($match) {
			$result = array_intersect_key($match, array_flip($config['params']));
			$request->params = [];
			if (isset($config['library'])) {
				$request->params['library'] = $config['library'];
			}
			$request->params += $result;
			if ($config['prefix']) {
				$url = preg_replace('@^/' . trim($config['prefix'], '/') . '@', '', $url);
			}
			return $url;
		}
		return false;
	}
}