lithium\security\Random
A cryptographically-strong random number generator, which allows to generate arbritrary length strings of bytes, usable for i.e. password salts, UUIDs, keys or initialization vectors (IVs). Random byte strings can be encoded using the base64-encoder for use with DES and XDES.
Source
class Random {
/**
* Option flag for the encoder.
*
* @see lithium\security\Random::generate()
*/
const ENCODE_BASE_64 = 1;
/**
* A callable which, given a number of bytes, returns that
* amount of random bytes.
*
* @see lithium\security\Random::_source()
* @var callable
*/
protected static $_source;
/**
* Generates random bytes for use in UUIDs and password salts, using
* a cryptographically strong random number generator source.
*
* ```
* $bits = Random::generate(8); // 64 bits
* $hex = bin2hex($bits); // [0-9a-f]+
* ```
*
* Optionally base64-encodes the resulting random string per the following. The
* alphabet used by `base64_encode()` is different than the one we should be using.
* When considering the meaty part of the resulting string, however, a bijection
* allows to go the from one to another. Given that we're working on random bytes, we
* can use safely use `base64_encode()` without losing any entropy.
*
* @param integer $bytes The number of random bytes to generate.
* @param array $options The options used when generating random bytes:
* - `'encode'` _integer_: If specified, and set to `Random::ENCODE_BASE_64`, the
* resulting value will be base64-encoded, per the note above.
* @return string Returns (an encoded) string of random bytes.
*/
public static function generate($bytes, array $options = []) {
$defaults = ['encode' => null];
$options += $defaults;
$source = static::$_source ?: (static::$_source = static::_source());
$result = $source($bytes);
if ($options['encode'] !== static::ENCODE_BASE_64) {
return $result;
}
return strtr(rtrim(base64_encode($result), '='), '+', '.');
}
/**
* Returns the best available random number generator source.
*
* The source of randomness used are as follows:
*
* 1. `random_bytes()`, available in PHP >=7.0
* 2. `random_bytes()`, available if the openssl extension is installed
* 3. `mcrypt_create_iv()`, available if the mcrypt extensions is installed
* 4. `/dev/urandom`, available on *nix
* 5. `GetRandom()` through COM, available on Windows
*
* Note: Users restricting path access through the `open_basedir` INI setting,
* will need to include `/dev/urandom` into the list of allowed paths, as this
* method might read from it.
*
* @link http://php.net/random_bytes
* @link http://php.net/mcrypt_create_iv
* @link http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa388182%28VS.85%29.aspx?ppud=4
* @link http://sockpuppet.org/blog/2014/02/25/safely-generate-random-numbers/
* @see lithium\util\Random::$_source
* @return callable Returns a closure containing a random number generator.
*/
protected static function _source() {
if (function_exists('random_bytes')) {
return function($bytes) {
return random_bytes($bytes);
};
}
if (function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
return function($bytes) {
return openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($bytes);
};
}
if (function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv')) {
return function($bytes) {
return mcrypt_create_iv($bytes, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);
};
}
if (is_readable('/dev/urandom')) {
return function($bytes) {
$stream = fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb');
$result = fread($stream, $bytes);
fclose($stream);
return $result;
};
}
if (class_exists('COM', false)) {
$com = new COM('CAPICOM.Utilities.1');
return function($bytes) use ($com) {
return base64_decode($com->GetRandom($bytes, 0));
};
}
throw new LogicException('No suitable strong random number generator source found.');
}
}